Under different voltages, the performance of stepper motors will be different. Generally, the higher the voltage, the better the speed and torque performance of the stepper motor. However, increasing the voltage also causes an increase in current, which may overheat the motor and possibly even damage the driver.

The motor’s low-speed vibration will be larger when working under high voltage. We recommend that the driving voltage be selected according to the size of the motor base (but may be limited by the driver).

To properly drive a stepper motor at different voltages, the following points need to be considered:

Current: The stepper motor has a rated current, the best working current considered in the design. If the current exceeds the rated value, the electric
The machine may overheat and be damaged. At different voltages, the current may vary. To protect the motor, a current limit can be used
driver to control the current.

Driver: An appropriate driver must be used to drive the stepper motor at different voltages properly. The driver should be able to input
The voltage adjusts the output current to maintain a constant current. This can be achieved using a constant current source driver, which automatically adjusts the
output voltage to maintain a constant current.

In summary, stepper motors work at different voltages as follows: A change in voltage causes a change in current, so you need to use an appropriate driver to protect the motor and achieve optimum performance. When designing the system, the rated voltage and current of the motor should be considered, an appropriate driver should be selected, and control strategies should be used. Source